MAY 5-6
French CMA CGM tanker San Antonio attacked transiting Hormuz; a US Navy F/A-18 disables an Iranian-flagged tanker in the Gulf of Oman; Israel hits the Beqaa Valley (4 killed) and Beirut's Haret Hreik for the first time since the Lebanon truce.
MAY 7
US-Iran exchange in the Strait — CENTCOM says it intercepted "unprovoked Iranian attacks" on three destroyers and struck launch sites and command centres; explosions on Qeshm and Bandar Abbas; Iran shoots down a US drone over Hormuz.
MAY 8
F/A-18s from USS George H.W. Bush disable tankers Sea Star III and Sevda — 166M+ barrels of capacity worth $13B+. UAE air defenses engage 2 ballistic missiles and 3 drones. Israeli strikes kill 10 in Lebanon. Tehran calls it a "point of no return."
MAY 9-10
Israeli attacks kill at least 24 across Lebanon, then 51 in a single day — the Lebanese toll passes 2,846.
MAY 11-12
Trump weighs reactivating Project Freedom to clear Hormuz; Hezbollah fires rockets and explosive drones at IDF positions; Israeli raids kill 6 in Kfar Dounin; fresh evacuation orders across southern Lebanon.
MAY 14-15
Lebanon-Israel direct talks open in Washington. 1,500+ ships still stranded in the Gulf; oil holds above $100/bbl.
JUN 14
Mediators announce a memorandum of understanding to formally end the war within 60 days.
JUN 17
The US and Iranian presidents sign the MOU — ending hostilities on all fronts including Lebanon, though neither Israel nor Hezbollah is a party to it.
JUN 18
Hormuz traffic rebounds sharply — 25 verified commercial crossings, the highest single-day count since Apr 18.
JUN 19
A flare-up tests the deal — Israel strikes 80+ Hezbollah targets before Israel and Hezbollah renew their ceasefire hours later.
JUN 23-25
Washington talks: Israel agrees to withdraw from two areas of southern Lebanon — but Hezbollah's Naim Qassem rejects the security pact a day after it is signed.
JUN 26-27
An IRGC drone strikes a Singapore-flagged cargo ship in Hormuz. The US retaliates for two straight days — missile and drone stores, coastal radar, and naval facilities at Qeshm and Sirik.
JUN 28
Before dawn the IRGC fires missiles and drones at US military sites in Bahrain and Kuwait; the US strikes near Tehran for a second night. Each side accuses the other of breaching the MOU.
JUL 2-3
A bombing at Damascus's Al-Mushairiya cafe kills 10, including six lawyers; IRGC clashes with Kurdish opposition fighters near Piranshahr (~10 killed per Kurdish rights groups).
JUL 6-7
Iran strikes commercial tankers transiting the Strait of Hormuz, including a Qatari-flagged vessel.
JUL 7-8
CENTCOM confirms US strikes on 80-90 targets across Bandar Abbas, Sirik, Qeshm, Hengam Island, Jask and Bushehr province.
JUL 8
Trump declares the Jun 17 MOU "over" and reimposes oil sanctions. US strikes kill 8 Iranian soldiers; Iran hits US interests in Iraq and strikes Bahrain and Kuwait.
JUL 9
US hits Bushehr port facilities and Tehran; the Tehran-Mashhad railway is suspended. Iran strikes six Gulf states and fires ~10 ballistic missiles at Jordan's Azraq base — the first Iranian missiles in Jordanian airspace. Ali Khamenei, assassinated Feb 28, is buried in Mashhad; his son Mojtaba remains Supreme Leader. No active negotiating track remains — Qatar and Oman continue quiet mediation.
JUL 11-23
The war's most intense phase since the opening. A US naval blockade of Iranian ports takes effect Jul 14; US forces strike 300+ coastal, port and military targets, then go nightly — the 12th consecutive night falls on Jul 22/23. Iran kills 2 US service members in Jordan on Jul 18 and hits Gulf energy and desalination plants. On Jul 23 the Houthis declare a naval blockade of Saudi Arabia and strike two Saudi tankers in the Red Sea.
AUG 1
Trump cancels a threatened multi-day campaign against Iran late on Aug 1. CENTCOM has confirmed no US or Israeli strike inside Iranian territory since — a pause now running past 20 consecutive nights, even as every other front stays hot.
AUG 4-18
The maritime war becomes the war. Eight vessels are attacked transiting Hormuz in August — the Minoan Pioneer (Aug 4), an ADNOC tanker (Aug 8), the Navig8 Messi and Tarif (Aug 13), the bulk carrier Al Watan (Aug 14) and the Greek-owned Minoan Dignity (Aug 18), whose chief engineer is killed. 17 merchant mariners have now died across 64 incidents since March.
AUG 9-18
A Saudi front opens. The Houthis strike Saudi Aramco's Jazan refinery three times (Aug 9, 13, 18), shell Yemen's Mokha port and attack shipping in the Red Sea and Bab el-Mandeb while enforcing their declared blockade of Saudi Arabia.
AUG 17
Two Iranian Hadid-110 drones strike the private office of Kurdistan PM Masrour Barzani and the Parastin agency chief's residence in Erbil — no casualties, but Baghdad and Tehran trade recriminations. The 60-day MOU window expires the same day; Trump tells Iran to "put up the white flag of surrender."
AUG 18
Iran fires two ballistic missiles at the UAE, which intercepts them and which Tehran denies launching. Israel strikes the Abu al-Duhur airbase in Idlib; Netanyahu says it was to stop an imminent Turkish deployment. Turkey, Bahrain, the UAE and the UK condemn it and a US envoy calls it an "unnecessary escalation" — a new rift with Ankara.
AUG 19-20
Brent climbs toward $92 on a fourth straight session of gains. NATO raises readiness ~20% after reports Iran weighed striking US targets in Europe. Trump declares an "Economic D-Day" — the "most crushing economic operation ever" — threatening secondary sanctions on anyone trading with Iran, and the UAE suspends all trade and financial transactions with Tehran.